Hemorrhagic Stroke free essay sample

A Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in your brain leaks or ruptures. Brain hemorrhages can result from many conditions that affect your blood vessels, including uncontrolled high blood pressure ,hypertension, and weak spots in your blood vessel walls ,aneurysms. A less common cause of hemorrhage is the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) — an abnormal tangle of thin-walled blood vessels, present at birth. The types of hemorrhagic stroke include: Intracerebral, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Each year in the United States, approximately 795,000 people experience new or recurrent stroke. Of these, approximately 610,000 represent initial attacks, and 185,000 represent recurrent strokes. Epidemiologic studies indicate that approximately 87% of strokes in the United States are ischemic, 10% are secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage, and another 3% may be secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The incidence of stroke varies with age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. For example, American Heart Association (AHA) researchers found that rates of intracerebral hemorrhage are higher in Mexican Americans, Latin Americans, blacks, Native Americans, Japanese people, and Chinese people than they are in whites. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemorrhagic Stroke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 million people suffer stroke worldwide each year. Of these, 5 million die and another 5 million are left permanently disabled. In intracerebral hemorrhage, bleeding occurs directly into the brain parenchyma. The usual mechanism is thought to be leakage from small intracerebral arteries damaged by chronic hypertension. Other mechanisms include bleeding diatheses, iatrogenic anticoagulation, cerebral amyloidosis, and cocaine abuse. Intracerebral hemorrhage has a predilection for certain sites in the brain, including the thalamus, putamen, cerebellum, and brainstem. In addition to the area of the brain injured by the hemorrhage, the surrounding brain can be damaged by pressure produced by the mass effect of the hematoma. A general increase in intracranial pressure may occur. The pathologic effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the brain are multifocal. SAH results in elevated intracranial pressure and impairs cerebral autoregulation. These effects can occur in combination with acute vasoconstriction, microvascular platelet aggregation, and loss of microvascular perfusion, resulting in profound reduction in blood flow and cerebral ischemia. Intracerebral hemorrhage may be clinically indistinguishable from ischemic stroke, and a thorough history and physical examination are important. Problems to consider are as follows: hyponatremia or hypernatremia , migraine headache, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, differential diagnoses, encephalitis, headache, migraine, hypernatremia, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, hypertensive hmergencies, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, labyrinthitis ossificans, meningitis, neoplasms, brain, stroke, ischemic, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, transient ischemic attack. The treatment and management of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage depends on the cause and severity of the bleeding. Basic life support, as well as control of bleeding, seizures, blood pressure (BP), and intracranial pressure, are critical. Medications used in the treatment of acute stroke include the following: Anticonvulsants, Antihypertensive agents, and Osmotic diuretics.