Essay Research Article Critique - 1359 Words

MODULE 2: RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE Vandana G. Kotapally Grand Canyon University: SPE 557 04/25/2012 Abstract Causes of dyslexia or reading disabilities have been hotly debated by researchers and educators. Knowledge regarding the causes of reading disabilities is important as they define the strategies that will used to help students with dyslexia learn. Dyslexia is caused by differences in the information processing patterns of learning disability students. Language and phonological skills have been found to be the main cause of reading problems. This paper presents a critique and summarizes a paper dealing with phonological skills and how they affect the ability to read. Besides this the paper will highlight the main findings of†¦show more content†¦Therefore, an educator needs to know the areas to focus that will produce the best results and help the student learn. Results from various studies have shown that besides intelligence the ability to sequence, analyze, and remember sounds are the biggest contributors to reading achievement (Smith, 2003). In view of these finding it is important to isolate the fields within this area that will have the greatest impact and help direct the learning strategies. A study along these lines was conducted by Melby-Lervà ¥g, Lyster, amp; Hulme. Melby-Lervà ¥g, Lyster, amp; Hulme (2012) conducted a meta-analytic study to study the relationship between phonological skills and student’s reading abilities. Under phonological skills mainly three factors were considered. They are verbal short-term memory, phonemic awareness, and rime awareness. The authors compared children with dyslexia with the same age and reading level control group of children to measure the affect and strength of correlation between verbal short memory, rime awareness and phonemic awareness on a child’s word reading abilities. Summary Various researchers have found that there is a relationship between phonemic awareness, rime awareness and verbal short-term memory. Melby-Lervà ¥g, Lyster, amp; Hulme (2012) wanted to take their studies a step further and establish the strength of the relation between the three variables mentionedShow MoreRelatedCritique Of A Research Article1750 Words   |  7 PagesCritique of a research article This paper is a critique of Alison Fuller and Lorna Unwin’s research article ‘Knowledge Workers’ as the New Apprentices: The Influence of Organisational Autonomy, Goals and Values on the Nurturing of Expertise’ Vocations and Learning’. 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Risperidone for psychosis of Alzheimers disease and mixed dementia: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(12), 1153-1157. 2. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low dose risperidone in treating psychosis ofRead MoreEssay on Nursing Research Article Critique 990 Words   |  4 Pagesform new types of interventions in order to give adequate care across a of number of fields within the system. Research then, has been an essential part in providing definitive data, either by disproving previous beliefs or confirming newly found data and methods. Moreover, research in itself contains its own process with a methodological approach. Of the notable methods, quantitative research is often used for its systemic approach (Polit Beck, 2006). 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Case Analysis on Walt Disney - 3122 Words

The history, development and growth of Walt Disney Company over time The Walt Disney Company has matured from the children’s cartoon dream-factory of brothers Roy and Walt Disney into the world’s second largest media conglomerate, behind Time-Warner (Hoover’s).In the year 2005, Robert Iger replaced Micheal Eisner as the CEO of Walt Disney. When Micheal Eisner was CEO: Micheal Eisner had a very centralized management style and expected his managers to develop a five-year and ten year plans for their divisions to predict their future growth. Eisner followed the same strategies he followed in the 1980’s in 1990’s. He build Disney’s strengths in three areas of entertainment and recreation,motion pictures and video and consumer products.†¦show more content†¦The profitability began to fall in 2000s for many reasons. Firstly the animation movie business could not create any blockbuster movies after â€Å"The Lion King† and â€Å"Pocahontas† which would drive up revenues. So to earn more revenues, Disney released â€Å"Pirates of the Caribbean† in 2003, which was a big hit followed by its sequels which were successful too. However other flops had offset the studio entertainments unit’s profits. Secondly there was a shift to produce animated movies using computer-based digital technology in 1990s. Before this technology was introduced Disney distributed Pixar’s films such as Toy Story, Toy Story-2, Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo and The Incredibles. The revenues from these movies became the single biggest income source of profits of studio entertainment. However, Steve Jobs Pixar’s CEO, was reluctant to renew contract with Disney which was due to expire in 2005. This was firstly due to unhealthy relationship between him and Eisner and secondly Disney laid off animators which had created the past success which new computer-based technology was introduced. If the contract was not renewed Disney would fall in huge trouble, because more than 40% or a billion of operating income of its movie studios came from Pixar’s success. Disney’s brightest spot was Miramax pictures, but the Weinstein Brothers who had been attributed toShow MoreRelatedWalt Disney Company Case Analysis1585 Words   |  7 PagesThe Walt Disney Company has been known to more than just t he Americans. It has made a worldwide impact in the entertainment industry for several years. With the popularity of the Walt Disney Company, it was no question for them to expand into something bigger than just their media output. The success of the Disneyland theme park in the USA has made quite an impression internationally. 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Asuka and Nara Art free essay sample

During the Asuka and Nara periods, so named because the place of Nipponese authorities was located in the Asuka Valley from 552 to 710 and in the metropolis of Nara until 784, the first important invasion by Asiatic Continental civilization took topographic point in Japan. The transmittal of Buddhism provided the initial drift for contacts between Korea, China, and Japan, and the Nipponese recognized aspects of Chinese civilization that could productively be incorporated into their ain: a system for change overing thoughts and sounds into composing ; historiography ; complex theories of authorities, such as an effectual bureaucratism ; and, most of import for the humanistic disciplines, advanced engineering, new edifice techniques, more advanced methods of projecting in bronze, and new techniques and mediums for picture. Throughout the 7th and 8th centuries, nevertheless, the major focal point in contacts between Japan and the Asiatic continent was the development of Buddhism. Not all bookmans agree on the important day of the months and the appropriate names to use to assorted clip periods between 552, the official day of the month of the debut of Buddhism into Japan, and 784, when the Nipponese capital was transferred from Nara. We will write a custom essay sample on Asuka and Nara Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most common appellations are the Suiko period, 552-645 ; the Hakuho period, 645-710 ; and the Tempyo period, 710-84. The earliest Buddhist constructions still extant in Japan, and the oldest wooden edifices in the Far East are found at the Horyu-ji to the sou-west of Nara. First built in the early seventh century as the private temple of Crown Prince Shotokuconsists of 41 independent edifices ; the most of import 1s, nevertheless, the chief worship hall, or Kondo ( Golden Hall ) , and Goju-no-to ( Five-story Pagoda ) , stand in the centre of an unfastened country surrounded by a roofed religious residence. The Kondo, in the manner of Chinese worship halls, is a two-story construction of post-and-beam building, capped by an irimoya, or hipped-gabled roof of ceramic tiles. Inside the Kondo, on a big rectangular platform, are some of the most of import sculptures of the period. The cardinal image is a Shaka Trinity ( 623 ) , the historical Buddha flanked by two Bodhisattva ( Buddhist saints ) , a sculpture dramatis personae in bronze by the sculpturer Tori Busshi ( flourished early seventh century ) in court to the late deceased Prince Shotoku. At the four corners of the platform are the Guardian Kings of the Four Directions, carved in wood about 650. Besides housed at Horyu-ji is the Tamamushi Shrine, a wooden reproduction of a Kondo, which is set on a high wooden base that is decorated with figurative pictures executed in a medium of mineral pigments assorted with lacquer. Temple edifice in the eighth century was focused around the Todai-ji in Nara. Constructed as the central office for a web of temples in each of the states, the Todai-ji is the most ambitious spiritual composite erected in the early centuries of Buddhist worship in Japan. Appropriately, the 16.2-m ( 53-ft ) Buddha ( completed 752 ) enshrined in the chief hall, or Daibutsuden, is a Rushana Buddha, the figure that represents the kernel of Buddhahood, merely as the Todai-ji represented the centre for imperially sponsored Buddhism and its airing throughout Japan. Merely a few fragments of the original statue survive, and the present hall and cardinal Buddha are Reconstructions from the Edo period. Clustered around the Daibutsuden on a gently aslant hillside are a figure of secondary halls: the Hokkedo ( Lotus Sutra Hall ) , with its chief image, the Fukukenjaku Kannon ( the most popular Bodhisattva ) , crafted of dry lacquer ( cloth dipped in lacquer and shaped over a wooden armature ) ; the Kaidanin ( Ordination Hall ) with its brilliant clay statues of the Four Guardian Kings ; and the depot, called the Shosoin. This last construction is of great importance as an art-historical cache, because in it are stored the utensils that were used in the temple s dedication ceremonial in 752, the eye-opening rite for the Rushana image, every bit good as authorities paperss and many secular objects owned by the imperial household.

Availing Medical Facilities at the Doorstep-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the App designing for Online Medical Facilities. Answer: Introduction Working on a project and developing all the aspects related to it is a very crucial task. It ensures that the project should get completed in a smooth manner. A proper plan should be developed in which all the aspects which will indulge in the project should be focused upon (Petit, 2012). The project initiated is about developing an application which will help in availing medical facilities in the rural areas of Australia. An application will be developed which will be connected with the kiosk machines and with the mobile phones of the people living in the rural areas. Application on the mobile phones and kiosk machines will be designed in such way which is easy to use and manage by the people living in the rural areas of Australia. The project initiated will help in providing better services to the community and will help the people of Australia in managing a sustainable as well as healthy life (Skibniewski, et. al., 2012). Hence, a project is developed which will include a proper d escription of what are the aspects required to be taken into consideration before working on the project. It is being evaluated that the people living in the rural areas faces issues in getting proper medical facilities. Hence, by providing them such type of app will help them in managing the healthy life and will help the company in providing a 75% hike in the sale as Australia has various rural areas where the medical facilities are not much effective (Stanek, et. al., 2016) Expected Benefits/Current Situation And Market Opportunities Projects are developed for the welfare of the business. Aim of developing a new project is to generate more revenue and to ensure that more refined services could be developed (Thomas, 2015). There are various set of benefits which are required to be taken into consideration. But before evaluating the benefits it is necessary that various aspects should be focused upon like market analysis, SWOT analysis and output analysis. Market Analysis Market of online health service is a growing sector which is sustaining in the urban market. It is being evaluated that many of the people are using such type of services and are enjoying them as they are getting health tips just by making certain clicks (Too, Weaver., 2014). There are many of the health service providers who are providing consultations with the help of online applications in the urban areas. The online health services are sustaining day by day and are moving on a successful path. Taking this business to the rural areas will definitely help in the sustainability of the community (Cengage Lea Schwalbe, 2015). Providing instant services will help in attracting people of rural areas with the effect of which organization will move on the path of success and sustainability. SWOT Analysis STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES Plan developed will help in sustainability of the community There is no competition available in the rural areas Online Medical services has a growing market Helping the rural areas to growth is a noble cause in which government will also provide appropriate set of help for the initiation of project (Koltsov, et. al., 2015). It is necessary that the people of rural areas should provide the knowledge of app, because low knowledge will affect the sale of the product and services. Huge investment is required in the kiosk machine as well as app development. Availability of proper set of resources is really tough OPPORTUNITIES THREATS Low competition in the rural areas Has a very wide area to cover and attract people towards the application. Innovation is there which will help in the sustainability aspects and gaining proper set of market share. Failing to cover maximum rural areas could have a direct impact on the business. It could be possible that people of rural areas may not trust the online app and would rather prefer to visit health care centres. This will affect the sale of the business in near future. It could be possible that new competitors could enter into the market (Palma-Mendoza, et. al., 2014). This will have a huge impact on the sale of the products and services in the rural areas. Output Analysis Understanding the market and evaluating the SWOT analysis it could be evaluated that providing online health services in the rural areas will result in providing various set of benefits to the organisation. Market has a huge potential for growth as people available in the rural areas of Australia will definitely prefer to use the application (Patton, et. al., 2015). It is required that information camp should be organized in which information related with the kiosk machines and application should be provided to the people available in rural areas. This will help in attracting maximum number of people available in the rural areas towards the application. There are certain dis-benefits also which are attached with the new project like it could be possible that people available in the rural areas might not use the application and might prefer to visit the health practitioners directly rather than using the app (Mainga, 2017). Lack of knowledge will have a huge impact on the use of application. This will have a direct impact on the progress of the business and will affect the sale of the same. Project Requirements List and describe the requirements needed to carry out this project. To manage the project in an effective way it is required that all the requirements needed to carry out the project should be taken into consideration. To manage the project there are several aspects which are required to be taken into consideration these aspects are: Stakeholders analysis is required to be taken into consideration as it will help in understanding the requirements and needs they have (Martinsuo, Killen, 2014). This will help in managing their requirements and will help managing the project in an effective way. IT team is also required to be hired for the development of the mobile app and kiosk machine Kiosk machines are required to be purchased so that they could be availed in every rural area. Appropriate project management tool will be required to manage the same in a proper way And 4 systems will be required so that the application could be developed according to the requirement (Mishra, 2014). List and describe the possible assumptions for this project Assumptions are made which helps in developing the understanding with the future aspects which could incur. It is required that the assumptions should be made in an appropriate way and decisions should be made accordingly. It could be assumed that after promoting the app and description of the kiosk machine maximum number of people will get attracted towards the business and will help in sustainability of the same and vice versa (Mller, 2015). It could also be assumed that the project initiated will help in availing appropriate set of services in the emergency cases which will help in providing sustainability to the community. Assumption could also be made that this project will help in providing expansion opportunities to the organisation and will help in the sustainability aspects. List and describe the constraints for this project. Project management is an unpredictable aspect as it is hard to predict all the aspects in a proper way. There are certain set of constraints which could be left behind and these constraints could have a huge impact on the project progress (Pandey, 2008). It could be possible that the IT team could fail in testing the app properly due to which bugs in will left. This will have a huge impact on the implementation of the project to general public. It could be possible that people available in the rural areas may not have proper set of knowledge about the app. Hence, it will again have a huge impact on the progress of the project (Petit, 2012). Costs How much does it cost? Determining cost of the project proposed is one of the most important aspects attached with the project plan. It is important that proper analysis of the cost which will indulge in the project should be done as it helps in providing direction to the project developer and helps in managing the work accordingly. In the project proposed cost which could be estimated is $36000. It is a very nominal cost that will in paid by the organisation for the project. Reason behind this cost is that the organisation is already working in the rural areas and there are various centres which are already available in those areas. Hence, the main expense which will incur in the project process will be on the development of the application for mobile and kiosk machines and on the kiosk machines itself only (Skibniewski, et. al., 2012). There are certain other expenses also which will incur in the promotion of the app in rural areas. Therefore the all over cost estimated for the completion of the project is $36000. Activities Amount ($) App Designing 11000 Expenses on Kiosk Machines 11000 Expenses on IT team salary 10000 Advertisement 4000 Total 36000 Identify the tools used for cost analysis Cost benefit analysis is the tool which will be used so as to evaluate the cost which will indulge the project. This will help in evaluating the expenses which will incur and the benefit which a company will get from the expenses it has made on the project. Cost benefit analysis will help in estimating all set of requirements and will help in making the decision of whether the company should initiate the project or not (Stanek, et. al., 2016). In cost benefit analysis Net Present Value of the project will be calculated also it will include return on investment and will include break even analysis which will help in determining the payback period of the project. With the help of these aspects company will be able to make the decision of whether it should apply the project or not. Major Risks There are various set of risk factors which remain attached with the project. It is necessary that these risk factors should be taken into consideration so as to manage the project and maintain its requirements. Project management is a very crucial task which requires in depth analysis of all the aspects. Hence, it is necessary that the major risk factors should be evaluated and strategies should be developed to mitigate them (Thomas, 2015). Identify five (5) major risks Five major risks which are identified in relation with the project are: Unavailability of the Resources Unavailability of Funds Choice and Preferences of the target customers Natural Disaster Lack of leadership These are the five risk factors which could have a huge impact on the progress of the project. It is necessary for the project manager to make the predictions with the help of forecasting so as to gain appropriate set of information related with the risk factors (Too, Weaver., 2014). Discuss the risks involved and how they will be managed Unavailability of the resources will affect the progress of the project as no work could be processed without having appropriate set of resources. Unavailability of funds will have a direct impact on the project, it will have a huge impact on the functions of the project. Natural disaster is another aspect which can affect the project progress (Cengage Lea Schwalbe, 2015) Lack of leadership will affect the internal aspects of the project and will lead to misguide the team working in the project. Choice and preferences of the target customer will again have a huge impact on the project progress as it could be possible that people may not prefer to go with online services. This will lead to cause a huge loss to the company (Ong, et. al., 2016). Timescale How long will it take to complete the project? It will take 2 months to complete the project, which will also include the training of the employees so that they could work appropriately on the application (Koltsov, et. al., 2015). A step by step process will be provided which is required to be followed by each and every individual working on the project. It is important that the time provided for the task should be followed in an appropriate way so as to ensure that the project could get completed within the timeframe. List and describe the major milestones. Major milestones decided by the project manager for the project are: Evaluating the need of the project which will be done within 2 days. In this analysis will be done of why it is required to develop such type of app for rural areas (Palma-Mendoza, et. al., 2014). Project scheduling is another aspect which will be focused upon. Project scheduling will be completed within 5 days (Pigott Hobbs, 2011). Time keeping will be done which will be completed in 2 days Technical design will take 15 days as it will include various programming and developing of the app. Testing will be done for the 10 days in which all the bugs will be removed. And then training will be provided for 15 days to the staff members (Patton, et. al., 2015) Conclusion At the end it could be concluded that the project initiated will help in the expansion of the company. The project proposed will help in managing the requirement of the community and will help in providing a better set of support to the community. It could be evaluated that for a project it is necessary that all set of aspects should be taken into consideration and analysis should be done so as to provide a better set of support for the future success. References Cengage Lea Schwalbe, K., (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Koltsov, P., Osipov, A., Kutsaev, A., Kravchenko, A., Kotovich, N. Zakharov, A. (2015). On the formation of structures in nonequilibrium media in the resonant three-wave interaction. Computer Optics, 39(4), pp.542-556. Mainga, W. (2017). Examining project learning, project management competencies and project efficiency in project-based firms (PBFs).International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 10(3), Pp. 122-133. Martinsuo, M. Killen, C. (2014). Value Management in Project Portfolios: Identifying and Assessing Strategic Value.Project Management Journal, 45(5), Pp. 56-70. Mishra, R. (2014). Identification of Strategic Project Management Resources in Indian Software Project Management Companies.Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 7(9), p. 7. Mller, R. (2015). The Migration of Methodologies for Project Management Research.Project Management Journal, 46(2), Pp. 3-5. Ong, H., Wang, C. Zainon, N., (2016). Integrated Earned Value Gantt Chart (EV-Gantt) Tool for Project Portfolio Planning and Monitoring Optimization.Engineering Management Journal, 28(1), pp.39-53. Palma-Mendoza, J.A., Neailey, K. Roy, R., (2014). Business process re-design methodology to support supply chain integration.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), Pp.167-176 Pandey, D., (2008).Rural project management. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers. Patton, C., Sawicki, D. Clark, J., (2015). Basic methods of policy analysis and planning. Routledge. Petit, Y. (2012). Advancing project and portfolio management research: applying strategic management theories.Strategic Direction, 28(9), Pp. 187-192. Pigott, D. Hobbs, V. (2011). Complex knowledge modelling with functional entity relationship diagrams. 41(2), Pp. 192-211 Skibniewski, Miroslaw J., Vecino, Gustavo A., (2012). Web-based project management framework for dredging projects.(Author abstract)(Report). Journal of Management in Engineering, 28(2), Pp. 127. Stanek, Babkin, Zubov., (2016). A new approach to configurable primary data collection. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 133, Pp. 169-181. Thomas, J., (2015). Using unstructured diaries for primary data collection. Nurse Researcher 22(5), Pp. 25. Too, Weaver., (2014). The management of project management: A conceptual framework for project governance. International Journal of Project Management, 32(8), Pp.1382-1394.

Hemorrhagic Stroke free essay sample

A Hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in your brain leaks or ruptures. Brain hemorrhages can result from many conditions that affect your blood vessels, including uncontrolled high blood pressure ,hypertension, and weak spots in your blood vessel walls ,aneurysms. A less common cause of hemorrhage is the rupture of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) — an abnormal tangle of thin-walled blood vessels, present at birth. The types of hemorrhagic stroke include: Intracerebral, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Each year in the United States, approximately 795,000 people experience new or recurrent stroke. Of these, approximately 610,000 represent initial attacks, and 185,000 represent recurrent strokes. Epidemiologic studies indicate that approximately 87% of strokes in the United States are ischemic, 10% are secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage, and another 3% may be secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage. The incidence of stroke varies with age, sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. For example, American Heart Association (AHA) researchers found that rates of intracerebral hemorrhage are higher in Mexican Americans, Latin Americans, blacks, Native Americans, Japanese people, and Chinese people than they are in whites. We will write a custom essay sample on Hemorrhagic Stroke or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 15 million people suffer stroke worldwide each year. Of these, 5 million die and another 5 million are left permanently disabled. In intracerebral hemorrhage, bleeding occurs directly into the brain parenchyma. The usual mechanism is thought to be leakage from small intracerebral arteries damaged by chronic hypertension. Other mechanisms include bleeding diatheses, iatrogenic anticoagulation, cerebral amyloidosis, and cocaine abuse. Intracerebral hemorrhage has a predilection for certain sites in the brain, including the thalamus, putamen, cerebellum, and brainstem. In addition to the area of the brain injured by the hemorrhage, the surrounding brain can be damaged by pressure produced by the mass effect of the hematoma. A general increase in intracranial pressure may occur. The pathologic effects of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the brain are multifocal. SAH results in elevated intracranial pressure and impairs cerebral autoregulation. These effects can occur in combination with acute vasoconstriction, microvascular platelet aggregation, and loss of microvascular perfusion, resulting in profound reduction in blood flow and cerebral ischemia. Intracerebral hemorrhage may be clinically indistinguishable from ischemic stroke, and a thorough history and physical examination are important. Problems to consider are as follows: hyponatremia or hypernatremia , migraine headache, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, differential diagnoses, encephalitis, headache, migraine, hypernatremia, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma, hypertensive hmergencies, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, labyrinthitis ossificans, meningitis, neoplasms, brain, stroke, ischemic, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, transient ischemic attack. The treatment and management of patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage depends on the cause and severity of the bleeding. Basic life support, as well as control of bleeding, seizures, blood pressure (BP), and intracranial pressure, are critical. Medications used in the treatment of acute stroke include the following: Anticonvulsants, Antihypertensive agents, and Osmotic diuretics.

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. Essay Example

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. Essay Example Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. Essay Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. Essay Essay Topic: Charlotte Temple Jane Eyre Literature In this essay I am going to discuss the theme of schooldays and education in general. I will do this in relation to my study of the pre 20th century texts Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte and David Copperfield by Charles Dickens. I will also show how much the system has changed. During the 18th and 19th century mainly upper and middle class parents sent their children to Pe-ping (private) schools. The poor who could not afford education, which cost one pence per week, sent their children to church schools. The classrooms were often bare except for an embroidered text; this text was religious and was meant to be uplifting. Many girls didnt attend school. They were taught at home about practical things such as sewing and cooking but others did, as in Jane Eyres case, she was sent to Lowood for punishment. Poorer children were only at school for 2-3 years before they had to work for a living. Only 20% of children actually went to school at all. The girl students at Lowood were aged from 9 to20 years of age. The older students often taught the younger ones. At Lowood the pupils could socialise with the other pupils, but could not talk unless spoken to in class. However David could not as he was taught at home, he had no children to play with As to any recreation with other children my age, I had very little of that this was because Mr Murdstone believed that all children were bad influences towards David The Murdstones made all children out to be a swarm of little vipers and held that they contaminated one another. There are many differences between pre 20th century and today. From my study it seems that pupils were taught and almost ruled by fear. During classes at Lowood pupils were given several tasks and had to learn by heart. David also had to learn by heart but had difficulty remembering what he had learnt before I began to feel the words I have been in infinite pains to get into my head all sliding away this was because of the Murdstones The very sight of these two has such an influence over me this may be because of pressure and fear of what will happen to him if he couldnt remember what he had learnt. The conditions at Lowood were unacceptable by todays standards. The pupils marched all day from meals to prayers to classes to the sound of clanging bells and teachers voices giving orders. Mr Brockelhurst, who owned the school, didnt believe in coddling the poor. In his opinion the more the girls learned to put up with hardship, the more self-reliant they would be in later life. The building was in bad condition with cracks and crevices in the walls, wind, whistling through crevices of our bedroom window had made us shiver in our beds, and turned the contents of the ewers to ice and kept food to a minimum of porridge at breakfast which was only just edible, if not burnt. Whereas David had a better time learning as he was taught at home in the second best parlour, I come into the second best parlour but the atmosphere was intimidating with the Murdstones watching over David and his mother. Teacher pupil relationships happen all the time in todays schools with every pupil having a favourite teacher or one they can talk openly to. David did not really have someone like that unless you include his mother who was his teacher. Jane however did, Miss Temple. Miss Temple ran the school and tried to do what she could to make things better for the girls. For example after the porridge was burnt, she tried to make it up to them by ordering a special treat of bread and cheese. Also when she finds out the truth about Jane, she invites Jane and Burns to share her tea and buttered toast. She also brought out a cake of her own and shared it with them. This shows that Miss Temple felt sorry for both Jane and Burns, and disagreed with the way they were treated. The cane was used as corporal punishment around the country. This punishment was used on David who reacted strongly and emotionally. Through anger he bit the executor, Mr Murdstone who later sends a sign saying, careful he bites to the school that David attended. The same punishment was used in Jane and Burns case as they had signs of Rebellious and Vain hung from their necks and were made to walk in circles in the rain. This was because Burns had naturally curly hair; that was frowned upon in school and was considered to be vanity. At the same time Jane was punished for being rebellious because she offered for her hair to be cut instead of Burns. Both were punished in other instances, Jane when Mr Brockelhurst came to the school and singled out Jane, announcing to the school Mrs Reeds charge of her being a liar. He tells the other girls that they should not talk to her all day. Jane had to stand alone for half an hour in the middle of the hall on a stool. She felt humiliated at being singled out as a liar. Burns gets punished for having dirty nails (although she didnt explain that the ewers were frozen) and is sent to a room to fetch a bundle of twigs. She does this as if she is doing a drill. She gets the twigs and undoes her collar but shows no emotion as she is being struck, she does though when she is alone as Jane sees her putting away her handkerchief. I looked narrowly as she emerged from the book-closet she was just putting back her handkerchief into her pocket, and the trace of a tear glistened on her thin cheek. This was because she didnt want to give Miss Scatchard the satisfaction of seeing her cry. In conclusion I believe that the system has changed dramatically and to great effect, every child has the chance to go to school, with no discrimination whether they are female or a different race. There is no physical punishment in schools; the only punishment given out is detentions, which parents are notified before their child stays behind. The buildings are in great condition and the teachers are strict without being unfair to pupils. Parents have a say about the way their children are treated teachers can not take dramatic action at the spur of the moment, though teachers can stop a child from learning by sending the culprit out of the classrooms. Facilities have changed with technology, with nearly every school having ICT facilities. With lessons becoming fun by using computers, the internet, videos and other tools of education and recreation.

Acid base balance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Acid base balance - Essay Example This is so because the physical diagnosis of the patient showed that the man had a systematic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg/50 mm Hg. His heart rate was 175 beats per minute, his respiration was at the rate of 32 breaths per minute, and his temperature was 37.3 degrees Celcius. The arterial blood diagnosis revealed a pH of 7.23, pCO2 of 69mm Hg, O2 saturation of 88%, and the HCO3 2.2 meq per litre. The patient’s pH was 7.23. This was a clear indication that the patient was suffering from an acid-base disorder. The patient was extremely acidemic, and the acidemia appeared to be secondary towards the metabolic acidosis with a base mean observed to be excess more than 7mEq/I. This was linked to the problems with the compensation in the respiration that was insufficient to maintain the normal limits of the pH (Stewart, 2003). This is evidenced from the fact that his breathing was heavy; he had a weak and rapid pulse. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide was 31mm Hg in comparison to the normal range that is 40 mm Hg. The oxygen’s partial pressure was 69 mm Hg in comparison to the normal range, which is 90 to 100 mm Hg (Wilkes, 2008). Compensation is the regulation of acid-base imbalances in the body (Story, 2001). Different agents do exist to reversibly bind the ions of hydrogen and impede the pH change. The extracellular buffer involves agents such as ammonia and bicarbonate. The phosphate and proteins play the role of intracellular buffers. The patient’s body began compensating the disturbances in the acid base. This was done when the patient’s pressure started to be laboured and his blood testing showed increased elevation of creatine phosphokinase amounts of cardiac muscles. This showed a bicarbonate system of buffering which is normally the key since carbon dioxide was shifted by carbonic acid to the ions of hydrogen and biocarbonate. More often than not, acid base imbalances, which may overcome the system of buffer, could be compensa ted for a short time through altering the ventilation rate. This will change the carbon dioxide concentration within the blood, hence altering the body’s pH. If the body begins to compensate the disturbance in the acid base status, the blood pH will normalize. In this case, the blood pH will move towards the normal range. There are different types of acid base disturbances. The first disturbance is the mixed disorder. The existence of one derangement leads to a simple acid base disorder. It may involve alkosis and acidosis happening at the same time, hence counteracting partially with each other, or there can exist at least two conditions that may affect pH of the body. For instance, mixed acidosis involves a combination of the metabolic acidosis together with the respiratory acidosis. There is no specific arrangement as any of the arrangements is possible, except respiratory acidosis and alkalosis respiration as a person will not breathe too slowly or rather slow for the sam e time (Knaus, 2005). Other types of acid base imbalances that could lead to the increase in pH include carbon dioxide retention, non-volatile acid production from the protein metabolism and different molecules of organic, biocarbonate loss in the urine, acid and acid precursor’s intake (Figge, 2002). Those sources that may lead to the reduction of pH include hydrogen ion use in the metabolism of various organic anions and acid loss in the urine or through vomiting. Human errors are responsible for the false and incorrect results though implications of such errors are somewhat minor, non-existent, and sometimes merely lead to some inconveniences. In the context of health care, this might not necessarily be the case, given that there are increased chances of such